Calculate the APACHE II score to estimate ICU mortality risk. Uses acute physiology, age, and chronic health status to predict in-hospital death probability.
The APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) Score Calculator estimates in-hospital mortality for critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Developed by Knaus et al. in 1985, it remains one of the most widely validated and used ICU severity scoring systems worldwide.
APACHE II combines three components: the Acute Physiology Score (APS) based on 12 physiologic variables measured within the first 24 hours of ICU admission, an age adjustment, and a chronic health evaluation. The total score ranges from 0 to 71, with higher scores indicating greater severity of illness and higher predicted mortality.
This calculator provides a simplified version focusing on key physiologic parameters, age points, and chronic health status, delivering an approximate mortality prediction useful for clinical benchmarking, research, and communication about illness severity. Check the example with realistic values before reporting. Use the steps shown to verify rounding and units. Cross-check this output using a known reference case.
APACHE II provides an objective, standardized measure of illness severity that supports clinical decision-making, prognostic communication with families, quality benchmarking across ICUs, and research stratification. By quantifying disease severity, it helps clinicians set appropriate expectations and allocate resources effectively.
The score also facilitates comparison of patient populations across different studies and institutions, making it invaluable for critical care research and quality improvement programs.
APACHE II = Acute Physiology Score + Age Points + Chronic Health Points Age Points: <45=0, 45-54=2, 55-64=3, 65-74=5, ≥75=6 Chronic Health Points: 0-5 depending on organ insufficiency and surgical status APS: Sum of individual physiologic variable points (0-4 each) Total range: 0-71
Result: APACHE II = 14, Predicted Mortality ~15%
A 65-year-old patient with the given vital signs has moderate physiologic derangements. Age contributes 5 points, and the total score of 14 corresponds to approximately 15% in-hospital mortality.
The original APACHE system (1981) used 34 physiologic variables and proved impractical for routine use. APACHE II simplified this to 12 variables and gained widespread adoption. APACHE III (1991) and APACHE IV (2006) improved calibration but are proprietary, limiting their accessibility. APACHE II remains the most commonly cited version in medical literature.
APACHE II has known limitations: it was developed in 1985 and may not reflect modern ICU outcomes after improvements in critical care; it performs variably across different diagnostic groups; and it does not account for interventions received before ICU admission or treatment limitations in place.
ICUs commonly use APACHE II for benchmarking by comparing observed mortality to APACHE II-predicted mortality. A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) less than 1.0 suggests the ICU is performing better than expected, while an SMR greater than 1.0 may indicate opportunities for improvement.
APACHE II should be calculated using the worst values from the first 24 hours of ICU admission. It was designed as an admission severity score and is less reliable when calculated at other time points.
Scores above 25 are considered very high and correspond to mortality rates exceeding 50%. Scores above 35 are associated with mortality rates above 80%. However, individual outcomes vary significantly.
Yes, APACHE II remains widely used despite newer versions (APACHE III, IV). Its simplicity, extensive validation across diverse populations, and free availability (unlike proprietary newer versions) contribute to its continued relevance.
APACHE II predicts overall mortality at ICU admission, while SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) tracks organ dysfunction over time. SOFA is better for monitoring disease trajectory, while APACHE II provides a baseline severity assessment.
APACHE II provides population-level mortality estimates and should not be used for individual patient prognostication or decisions about treatment withdrawal. Individual patients may do much better or worse than predicted.
The original APACHE II system includes diagnostic category-specific mortality coefficients, but many implementations (including this calculator) use the score alone. Adding diagnostic weighting improves accuracy for specific conditions.